Potential of Piperaceae Plants as Antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.992Keywords:
Piperaceae, Antibacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliAbstract
Background: Infectious disease was one of the most common health problems in developing countries which are caused by microorganism, such as bacteria. Piper (Piperaceae) was a medicinal plant that has potential as an antibacterial. Some plants of the piperaceae family have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, such as Piper cubeba, Piper nigrum, Piper betle, Piper crocatum, Piperomia pellucida, Piper longum, Piper sarmentosum, and Piper aduncum.
Purpose: This article described plant of the Piperaceae family that has antibacterial potential. This article reviewed the study of the antibacterial potential of the Piperaceae plant from various articles.
Data source: The database sources used include Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Media Published from 2010 to 2021.
Conclusion: It carried out by reviewing several libraries such as indexed national journals, international journals, and scientific articles regarding the potential of the Piperaceae plants as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of the Piperaceae plant originated from secondary metabolites of these plants including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids.
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References
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10. Al-tememy TMK. Extracts Against Selected Bacterial Pathogens in Basrah City. 2013;12(1):142–51.
11. Ganesh P, Suresh Kumar R, Saranraj P. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) against some human pathogens. Sch Res Libr Cent Eur J Exp Biol [Internet]. 2014;3(2):36–41. Available from: http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html
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13. Hartini SY, Diaseptana SMY, Putri NR, Susanti EL. Antagonistic Antibacterial Effect of Betel and Red Betel Combination against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(05):267–72.
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15. Lima R godoy de, Barros MT, da Silva Laurentiz R. Medicinal Attributes of Lignans Extracted from Piper Cubeba: Current Developments. ChemistryOpen. 2018;7(2):180–91.
16. Hanif MA, Nawaz H, Khan MM, Byrne HJ. Medicinal Plants of South Asia. Amsterdam: Susan Dennis; 2020.
17. Munawaroh E, Yuzammi. The Diversity and Conservation of Piper (Piperaceae) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung Province. Media Konserv. 2017;22(2):118–28.
18. Simpson MG. Plant Pystematics. Plant Syst. 2010;i–iii.
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21. Ooi DJ, Iqbal S, Ismail M. Proximate composition, nutritional attributes and mineral composition of Peperomia pellucida L. (ketumpangan air) grown in Malaysia. Molecules. 2012;17(9):11139–45.
22. Astuti PI, Munawaroh E. Karakteristik morfologi sirih merah: 2011;83–5.
23. Nurul ’, Sanusi A, Adawiyah Umar R, Zahary MN, Adzim M, Rohin K, et al. Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Properties of Piper Sarmentosum-A Review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci e-ISSN [Internet]. 2017;16(8):62–5. Available from: www.iosrjournals.org
24. Anonim. Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia (1) Jilid 2. Departemen Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial RI Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2001. 269–270 p.
25. Puspita PJ, Safithri M, Sugiharti NP. Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts. Curr Biochem. 2019;5(3):1–10.
26. Li HX, Widowati W, Azis R, Yang SY, Kim YH, Li W. Chemical constituents of the Piper crocatum leaves and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochem Syst Ecol [Internet]. 2019;86(March):103905. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2019.05.013
27. Adjatin A, Dansi A, Badoussi E, Loko YL, Dansi M, Gbaguidi F, et al. Phytochemical screening and toxicity studies of Crassocephalum rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore and Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore consumed as vegetable in Benin. J Chem Pharm Res. 2013;5(6):160–7.
28. Nahak G, Sahu RK. Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant activity of Piper cubeba and Piper nigrum. 2011;01(08):153–7.
29. Saraf A, Saraf A. Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Medicinal Plant Piper. 2014;6(2).
30. Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: An update. Phyther Res. 2013;27(8):1121–30.
31. Jayalakshmi B, Raveesha KA, Murali M, Amruthesh KN. Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant studies on leaf extracts of Piper Betle L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;7(10):23–9.
32. Yusof H. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Piper sarmentosum Leaves Extract Against Selected Pathogens. sains Kesihat malaysia. 2019;17(1):67–72.
33. Pacheco FV, de Paula Avelar R, Alvarenga ICA, Bertolucci SKV, de Alvarenga AA, Pinto JEBP. Essential oil of monkey-pepper (Piper aduncum L.) cultivated under different light environments. Ind Crops Prod [Internet]. 2016;85:251–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.016
34. Katrin D, Idiawati N, Sitorus B. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Malek (Litsea graciae Vidal) terhadap Bakteri Stapylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jkk. 2015;4(1):7–12.
35. Fatimah S, Nadifah F, Burhanudin I. Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. Biog J Ilm Biol. 2016;4(1):102–6.
36. Maimunah S. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidiodies) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. 2020;6(1):103–11.
37. Zubair. In Vitro Investigation Of Antdiarrhoeal, Antimicrobial And Thrombolytic Activities Of Aerial Parts Of Peperomia Pellucida. 2015;3:5–13.
38. Idris OO, Olatunji BP, Madufor P. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Extracts of Peperomia pellucida (L). 2016;11(4):1–7.
39. Kaveti B, Tan L, Kuan TS, Baig M. Antibacterial Activity Of Piper Betel Leaves. 2011;2(3):129–32.
40. Affif FE. Efektifitas Ekstrak Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) Terhadap Zona Hambat Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. jounal Sci. 2017;10 (April):12–6.
41. In S, Candrasari A, Romas MA, Hasbi M, Astuti OR. Uji Daya Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 , Eschericia coli ATCC 11229 dan Candida. 2012;4:9–16.
42. Akhtar SM. Antimicrobial activity of Piper nigrum L . and C assia didymobotyra L . leaf extract on selected food borne pathogens. 2014;4 (Suppl 2).
43. Kigigha LT, Kalunta CG. Antimicrobial efficacy of leaf extracts of Piper nigrum against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. :32–6.
44. Saad R. Determination Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Utilizing Microtitreplate Bioassay For Three Malaysian Herbal Medicines. 2014;(March).
45. Ibrahim MA, Mohd Nazir SS. Antibacterial Activities Of Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) Methanolic Extract. Acta Sci Malaysia. 2019;3(2):21–4.
46. Singh C, Singh SK, Nath G, Rai NP. Anti-mycobacterial activity of Piper longum L . fruit extracts against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium Spp . 2011;3:353–61.
47. Jayapriya M, Dhanasekaran D, Arulmozhi M, Nandhakumar E, Senthilkumar N, Sureshkumar K. longum catkin extract irradiated by sunlight : antibacterial and catalytic activity. Res Chem Intermed [Internet]. 2019;(0123456789). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03812-5
48. Sawhney SS. Evaluation Of Bactericidal And Anticancer Properties Of Fruits Of Piper Longum. 2019;(August).
49. Ahmad T, Kamruzzaman M, Ahmed A, Paul DK. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Long pepper (Piper longum) and Water cress (Enhydra fluctuans) against different Pathogenic Bacterial Strains. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;4(3):241–7.
50. Abreu OA, Sanchez I, Pino J, Barreto G. Antimicrobial Activity of Piper aduncum sub sp ossanum essensial oil. 2015;7:205–8.
51. Hallianah IP, Lambui O, Ramadanil. Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Sirih Hutan (Piper aduncum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Saphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. J Chem Inf Model. 2019;53(9):1689–99.
52. Oloyede G, Onocha P. Phytochemical, toxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant screening of leaf extracts of Peperomia pellucida from Nigeria. Adv Environ Biol. 2011;5 (12)(May):3700–9.
53. Mabhiza D, Chitemerere T, Mukanganyama S. Antibacterial Properties of Alkaloid Extracts from Callistemon citrinus and Vernonia adoensis against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Med Chem. 2016;2016:1–7.
54. Lutpiatina L, Amaliah NR, Dwiyanti RD. Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Meditory. 2017;5(2):83–91.
55. Manik DF, T H, H A. Dengan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi-Fraksi Kersen. 2014;4:1–11.
56. Putri DD, Nurmagustina DE, Chandra AA. Kandungan Total Fenol dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Kelopak Buah Rosela Merah dan Ungu Sebagai Kandidat Feed Additive Alami Pada Broiler Phenol Content and Antibacterial Activity of Red Roselle Calyces and Purple Roselle Calyces and To Determine The Type of R. J Penelit Pertan Terap. 2014;14(3):174–80.
57. Rosalina Yuliana Ayen RM. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha H . B . K) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Bacillus cereus IHB B 379 dan Shigella flexneri. Protobiont. 2017;6(3):123–9.
58. Sulistiyono FD, Sofihidayati T, Lohitasari B. Antibacterial and Phytochemical Activity Test of Onion Leather (Allium cepa L.) Extraction Result Method Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Mandala Heal A Sci J. 2018;11(2):70–8.
59. Dwiyanti W, Ibrahim M, Trimulyono G. Pengaruh Ekstrak Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Bacillus cereus secara In Vitro The Effect of Kenikir Leaves (Cosmos caudatus) Extract on In Vitro Growth of Bacillus cereu s. LenteraBio. 2012;3(1):1–5.
2. Soleha TU, Carolina N, Kurniawan SW. The Inhibition Test of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum) Towards Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Majority. 2015;4(5):117–22.
3. R DN, Sasongko H. Perbandingan Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Infusa dari Sembilan Jenis Suku Piperaceae terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Cnadida albicans. J Ilmu Alam dan Tek Terap. 2019;1:1–5.
4. Egbuna C, Kumar S, Ifemeje JC, Ezzat SM, Kaliyaperumal S. Phytochemicals as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery. London: Susan Dennis; 2020.
5. Septiani, Dewi EN, Wijayanti I. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lamun (Cymodocea rotundata) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Antibacterial Activities of Seagrass Extracts (Cymodocea rotundata) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Indones J Fish Sci Technol. 2017;13(1858–4748):1–6.
6. Deleo FR, Otto M, Kreiswirth BN, Chambers HF. Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet [Internet]. 2010;375(9725):1557–68. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61999-1
7. Percival SL, Williams DW. Escherichia coli [Internet]. Second Edi. Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases: Microbiological Aspects and Risks: Second Edition. Elsevier; 2013. 89–117 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415846-7.00006-8
8. Desmarchelier P, Fegan N. Pathogens in Milk: Escherichia coli [Internet]. Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier; 2016. 1–8 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.00989-6
9. Kuete V. African medicinal spices of genus piper [Internet]. Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa: Therapeutic Potential Against Metabolic, Inflammatory, Infectious and Systemic Diseases. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. 581–597 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809286-6/00027-3
10. Al-tememy TMK. Extracts Against Selected Bacterial Pathogens in Basrah City. 2013;12(1):142–51.
11. Ganesh P, Suresh Kumar R, Saranraj P. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) against some human pathogens. Sch Res Libr Cent Eur J Exp Biol [Internet]. 2014;3(2):36–41. Available from: http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html
12. Surdojawdojo P, Saputra TF, Ridhowi A. Antimicrobial activity of Piper betle L. against some mastitis disease bacteria at different temperatures and extraction times. Drug Invent Today [Internet]. 2019;11(10):2620–4. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/11/104
13. Hartini SY, Diaseptana SMY, Putri NR, Susanti EL. Antagonistic Antibacterial Effect of Betel and Red Betel Combination against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2018;7(05):267–72.
14. Oloyede G, Onocha P. of Peperomia pellucida from Nigeria. Adv Environ Biol. 2011;5(12):3700–9.
15. Lima R godoy de, Barros MT, da Silva Laurentiz R. Medicinal Attributes of Lignans Extracted from Piper Cubeba: Current Developments. ChemistryOpen. 2018;7(2):180–91.
16. Hanif MA, Nawaz H, Khan MM, Byrne HJ. Medicinal Plants of South Asia. Amsterdam: Susan Dennis; 2020.
17. Munawaroh E, Yuzammi. The Diversity and Conservation of Piper (Piperaceae) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung Province. Media Konserv. 2017;22(2):118–28.
18. Simpson MG. Plant Pystematics. Plant Syst. 2010;i–iii.
19. Sarjani TM, Mawardi M, Pandia ES, Wulandari D. Identifikasi Morfologi dan Anatomi Tipe Stomata Famili Piperaceae di Kota Langsa. J ipa pembeajaran ipa. 2017;1(2):182–91.
20. A’tourrohman M, Ulfah M. Etnobotany Study of The Utilization of Sirih (Famili: Piperaceae) In Kalijambe Village, Bener Sub-district, Purworejo District. 2020;14(3):268–78.
21. Ooi DJ, Iqbal S, Ismail M. Proximate composition, nutritional attributes and mineral composition of Peperomia pellucida L. (ketumpangan air) grown in Malaysia. Molecules. 2012;17(9):11139–45.
22. Astuti PI, Munawaroh E. Karakteristik morfologi sirih merah: 2011;83–5.
23. Nurul ’, Sanusi A, Adawiyah Umar R, Zahary MN, Adzim M, Rohin K, et al. Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Properties of Piper Sarmentosum-A Review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci e-ISSN [Internet]. 2017;16(8):62–5. Available from: www.iosrjournals.org
24. Anonim. Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia (1) Jilid 2. Departemen Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial RI Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2001. 269–270 p.
25. Puspita PJ, Safithri M, Sugiharti NP. Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts. Curr Biochem. 2019;5(3):1–10.
26. Li HX, Widowati W, Azis R, Yang SY, Kim YH, Li W. Chemical constituents of the Piper crocatum leaves and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochem Syst Ecol [Internet]. 2019;86(March):103905. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2019.05.013
27. Adjatin A, Dansi A, Badoussi E, Loko YL, Dansi M, Gbaguidi F, et al. Phytochemical screening and toxicity studies of Crassocephalum rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore and Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore consumed as vegetable in Benin. J Chem Pharm Res. 2013;5(6):160–7.
28. Nahak G, Sahu RK. Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant activity of Piper cubeba and Piper nigrum. 2011;01(08):153–7.
29. Saraf A, Saraf A. Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Medicinal Plant Piper. 2014;6(2).
30. Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: An update. Phyther Res. 2013;27(8):1121–30.
31. Jayalakshmi B, Raveesha KA, Murali M, Amruthesh KN. Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant studies on leaf extracts of Piper Betle L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;7(10):23–9.
32. Yusof H. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Piper sarmentosum Leaves Extract Against Selected Pathogens. sains Kesihat malaysia. 2019;17(1):67–72.
33. Pacheco FV, de Paula Avelar R, Alvarenga ICA, Bertolucci SKV, de Alvarenga AA, Pinto JEBP. Essential oil of monkey-pepper (Piper aduncum L.) cultivated under different light environments. Ind Crops Prod [Internet]. 2016;85:251–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.016
34. Katrin D, Idiawati N, Sitorus B. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Malek (Litsea graciae Vidal) terhadap Bakteri Stapylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Jkk. 2015;4(1):7–12.
35. Fatimah S, Nadifah F, Burhanudin I. Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. Biog J Ilm Biol. 2016;4(1):102–6.
36. Maimunah S. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidiodies) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. 2020;6(1):103–11.
37. Zubair. In Vitro Investigation Of Antdiarrhoeal, Antimicrobial And Thrombolytic Activities Of Aerial Parts Of Peperomia Pellucida. 2015;3:5–13.
38. Idris OO, Olatunji BP, Madufor P. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Extracts of Peperomia pellucida (L). 2016;11(4):1–7.
39. Kaveti B, Tan L, Kuan TS, Baig M. Antibacterial Activity Of Piper Betel Leaves. 2011;2(3):129–32.
40. Affif FE. Efektifitas Ekstrak Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) Terhadap Zona Hambat Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. jounal Sci. 2017;10 (April):12–6.
41. In S, Candrasari A, Romas MA, Hasbi M, Astuti OR. Uji Daya Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 , Eschericia coli ATCC 11229 dan Candida. 2012;4:9–16.
42. Akhtar SM. Antimicrobial activity of Piper nigrum L . and C assia didymobotyra L . leaf extract on selected food borne pathogens. 2014;4 (Suppl 2).
43. Kigigha LT, Kalunta CG. Antimicrobial efficacy of leaf extracts of Piper nigrum against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. :32–6.
44. Saad R. Determination Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Utilizing Microtitreplate Bioassay For Three Malaysian Herbal Medicines. 2014;(March).
45. Ibrahim MA, Mohd Nazir SS. Antibacterial Activities Of Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) Methanolic Extract. Acta Sci Malaysia. 2019;3(2):21–4.
46. Singh C, Singh SK, Nath G, Rai NP. Anti-mycobacterial activity of Piper longum L . fruit extracts against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium Spp . 2011;3:353–61.
47. Jayapriya M, Dhanasekaran D, Arulmozhi M, Nandhakumar E, Senthilkumar N, Sureshkumar K. longum catkin extract irradiated by sunlight : antibacterial and catalytic activity. Res Chem Intermed [Internet]. 2019;(0123456789). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03812-5
48. Sawhney SS. Evaluation Of Bactericidal And Anticancer Properties Of Fruits Of Piper Longum. 2019;(August).
49. Ahmad T, Kamruzzaman M, Ahmed A, Paul DK. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Different Extracts of Long pepper (Piper longum) and Water cress (Enhydra fluctuans) against different Pathogenic Bacterial Strains. Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;4(3):241–7.
50. Abreu OA, Sanchez I, Pino J, Barreto G. Antimicrobial Activity of Piper aduncum sub sp ossanum essensial oil. 2015;7:205–8.
51. Hallianah IP, Lambui O, Ramadanil. Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Sirih Hutan (Piper aduncum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Saphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. J Chem Inf Model. 2019;53(9):1689–99.
52. Oloyede G, Onocha P. Phytochemical, toxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant screening of leaf extracts of Peperomia pellucida from Nigeria. Adv Environ Biol. 2011;5 (12)(May):3700–9.
53. Mabhiza D, Chitemerere T, Mukanganyama S. Antibacterial Properties of Alkaloid Extracts from Callistemon citrinus and Vernonia adoensis against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Med Chem. 2016;2016:1–7.
54. Lutpiatina L, Amaliah NR, Dwiyanti RD. Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Meditory. 2017;5(2):83–91.
55. Manik DF, T H, H A. Dengan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi-Fraksi Kersen. 2014;4:1–11.
56. Putri DD, Nurmagustina DE, Chandra AA. Kandungan Total Fenol dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Kelopak Buah Rosela Merah dan Ungu Sebagai Kandidat Feed Additive Alami Pada Broiler Phenol Content and Antibacterial Activity of Red Roselle Calyces and Purple Roselle Calyces and To Determine The Type of R. J Penelit Pertan Terap. 2014;14(3):174–80.
57. Rosalina Yuliana Ayen RM. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha H . B . K) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Bacillus cereus IHB B 379 dan Shigella flexneri. Protobiont. 2017;6(3):123–9.
58. Sulistiyono FD, Sofihidayati T, Lohitasari B. Antibacterial and Phytochemical Activity Test of Onion Leather (Allium cepa L.) Extraction Result Method Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Mandala Heal A Sci J. 2018;11(2):70–8.
59. Dwiyanti W, Ibrahim M, Trimulyono G. Pengaruh Ekstrak Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Bacillus cereus secara In Vitro The Effect of Kenikir Leaves (Cosmos caudatus) Extract on In Vitro Growth of Bacillus cereu s. LenteraBio. 2012;3(1):1–5.
Published
2021-08-15
How to Cite
Magdalena, H., Fajrina, A., Eriadi, A., & Asra, R. (2021). Potential of Piperaceae Plants as Antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 9(4), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.992
Issue
Section
Review Articles
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