The Formulation and Evaluation of Gastro-Retentive Floating Tablets of Verapamil Hydrochloride

Authors

  • Shraddha P. Malpani Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
  • Dr. Nishan N. Bobade Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
  • Dr. Shrikant D. Pande Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidyabharati College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Background: Verapamil Hydrochloride has a short biological half-life and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, necessitating frequent dosing. Gastro-retentive floating drug delivery systems offer prolonged gastric residence and sustained drug release, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.

Objective: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate gastro-retentive floating matrix tablets of Verapamil Hydrochloride using HPMC K4M and Xanthan Gum.

Methods: Tablets were prepared by the direct compression method using a 3² full factorial design. The formulations were evaluated for drug–polymer compatibility, pre-compression and post-compression characteristics, buoyancy, swelling index, in vitro drug release, drug release kinetics, and stability.

Results: FTIR and DSC studies confirmed drug–polymer compatibility. All formulations exhibited satisfactory physical properties and remained buoyant for 12 h. Floating lag time ranged from 62 ± 0.595 to 128 ± 0.598 s, while cumulative drug release after 12 h ranged from 85.1 ± 0.42% to 94.0 ± 0.23%. Drug release followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model for most formulations, whereas a few exhibited Zero-order kinetics. Formulation F3 showed the shortest floating lag time (62 ± 0.595 s), highest drug release (94.0 ± 0.23%), and satisfactory stability under different storage conditions.

Conclusion: The optimized formulation (F3) demonstrated excellent buoyancy, sustained drug release, and stability, indicating its potential as a gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system for Verapamil Hydrochloride.

 

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Published

2026-06-19

How to Cite

Shraddha P. Malpani, Dr. Nishan N. Bobade, & Dr. Shrikant D. Pande. (2026). The Formulation and Evaluation of Gastro-Retentive Floating Tablets of Verapamil Hydrochloride. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 14(3), 454–555. Retrieved from https://ajprd.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1837

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2026): Volume 14 Issue 3 May - June 2026

Section

Research Articles

Copyright (c) 2026 Shraddha P. Malpani, Dr. Nishan N. Bobade, Dr. Shrikant D. Pande

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