GC-MS Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extract of Fresh Seeds of Miracle Tree-Moringa Oleifera lam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i4.783Keywords:
Antioxidant, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, ABTS● radical cation, Fe3 reduction, GC-MS analysis.Abstract
Objectives: Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plant widely cultivated in India. It belongs to family Moringaceae. The plant is also known as Horse - radish tree, Drumstick tree. Every part of this plant contains a valuable medicinal feature. It contain rich source of the vitamin A, vitamin C and milk protein. Current research studies were carried out for evaluating the antioxidant activities and GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of fresh seeds of Moringa oleifera.
Methods: Antioxidant activities such as DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reduction were carried out forthe ethanol extract of fresh seeds of Moringa oleifera. Identification of the active compounds present in the ethanol extract of fresh seeds of Moringa oleifera were detected by GC-MS profiling.
Results: The maximum DPPH˙radical and Superoxide (O2.-) radical scavenging activities were79.28±0.43% and 63.8±0.26% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC50valueswere20.12 µg/mL and 85.91 µg/mL concentrations respectively. The maximum ABTS●+ radical cation scavenging activity was 83.26±0.37% at 12 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 value was 6.10 µg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum Mo6+ reduction and Fe3+ reduction were86.83±0.25% and 61.86±0.42% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC50 valueswere 18.20 µg/mL and 46.20 µg/mL concentrations respectively.Flavone, 7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzodiazepin-2-one, Kaempferol, Pyrimidine,5-ethyl-2-[4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)phenyl]-, 8-Carbethoxy-1-methyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]azepin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid were the phytochemical compounds revealed from the ethanol extract of fresh seeds of Moringa oleifera by GC-MS profiling.
Conclusion: The selected antioxidant methods and the GC-MS analysis proves Moringa oleifera as an potent antioxidant agent and thereby scavenge the free radicals existing in the environment.
Downloads
References
2. Jose T A Oliveira, Silvana B Silveira, Ilka M Vasconcelos, Benildo S Cavada, Renato A Moreira. Compositional and nutritional attributes of seeds from the multipurpose tree Moringa oleifera Lamarck. J Sci Food Agric. 1999; 79:815-820.
3. Palada MC and Chang LC. Suggested cultivation practices for Moringa. AVRDC Publication. 2003; 03-545.
4. The Wealth of India (A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products). 1962. Raw Materials, Vol. VI: L-M; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research: New Delhi, 425-429.
5. Fahey JW, Zalcmann AT, Talalay P. The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Phytochemistry. 2001; 56:5-51.
6. Bennett RN, Mellon FA, Foidl N. Profiling glucosinolates and phenolics in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the multipurpose trees Moringa oleifera L. (Horseradish tree) and Moringa stenopetala L. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51:3546-3553.
7. Rao KS, Mishra SH. Chemical Constitution of Drumstick Polysaccharide. Indian J Pharm Sci. 1992; 54(1):28-30.
8. Muyibi SA, Evison LM. Optimizing physical parameters affecting coagulation of turbid water with Moringa oleifera seeds. Water Res. 1995b; 29:2689-2695.
9. Obioma UN, Adikwu MU. Investigation on some physiochemical antioxidant and toxicological properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil. Acta Pharm. 1997; 47:287-290.
10. Jahn SAA. Effectiveness of traditional flocculants asprimary coagulants and coagulant aids for the treatment of tropical waters with more than a thousand fold flocculation in turbidity. Water Supply. 1984; 2:8-10.
11. Birendra Kumar Paikra, Hemant kumar J. Dhongade, Bina Gidwani. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Lam. Journal of Pharmacopuncture. 2017; 20(3):194-200.
12. Gupta RK. Medicinal & aromatic plants: with colour plates (hb). Delhi: CBS publishers & distributors. 2010; p. 151-2.
13. Sharma VR. Paliwal R, Sharma S. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. J Pharm Res. 2011;4(2):554-7.
14. Narasinga Rao BS.Bioactive phytochemicals in Indian foods and their potential in health promotion and disease prevention. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2003; 12(1):9-22.
15. Packer L, Glazer AN, eds. Oxygen radicals in biological systems, Part B. Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 186. New York: Academic Press, 1990.
16. Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Ann Rev Nutr. 1996; 16:33-50.
17. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods, A guide to Modern Techniques of Plant analysis, second ed. Chapman and Hall, London, 1998; 54-84.
18. Raaman N. Phytochemical techniques. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, 2006; 306.
19. Khalaf NA, Shakya AK, Al-othman A, El-agbar Z, Farah H. Antioxidant activity of some common plant. Turk J Biol. 2008; 32:51-5.
20. Lokesh Deb SK, Dubey, Avijeet Jain, Amit Kumar Jain, Pandian GS. Free radical scavenging activity of aqueous n- butanol fraction of Prunus Persica aqueous extract. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2009; 9(2):152-158.
21. Arnao MB, Cano A, Acosta M. The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chem.2001; 73:239-44.
22. Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry. 1999; 269: 337-341.
23. Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction: antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn. J. Nutr. 1986; 44: 307-315.
24. Saraswathi K, Sivaraj C, Arumugam P. Antioxidant Activities, Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis and GCMS Analysis of Capsicum annuum L.: A Comparison of Green and Red Chilli. J Biol. Chem. Research. 2019; 36(1):184-197.
25. Awika M, Rooney LW, Wu X, Prior RL. Cisneros Zevallos L. Screening methods to measure antioxidant activity of Sorghum (Sorghum ialmatei) and Sorghum product. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2003; 51:6657-62.
26. Wickens AP. Aging and the free radical theory. Respiratory Physiology. 2001; 128:379-391.
27. Miller DD. Mineral. In: Fennema, O.R. (Ed.), Food Chemistry, 1996; Marcel Deckker, New York, 618-649.
28. Yildirim A, Mavi A, Kara AA. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001; 49:4083-4089.
29. Stadtman ER. Metal ion-catalyzed oxidation of proteins: Biochemical mechanism and biological consequences. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1990; 9:315-325.
30. Jie MSF and Choi CYC: J. Int. Fed. Clin. Chem. 1991; 3:122.
31. Betz JM, Gay ML, Mossoba MM, Adams S, Portz BS: J AOAC Int. 1997; 80:303.
32. Andrew Marston: Role of advances in chromatographic techniques in phytochemistry. Phytochemistry. 2007; 68:2785-2797.
33. Justyna Mierziak, Kamil Kostyn, Anna Kulma. Flavonoids as Important Molecules of Plant Interactions with the Environment. Molecules. 2014; 19:16240-16265.
34. Vinita Sharma, Nitin Chitranshi, Ajay Kumar Agarwal. Significance and Biological Importance of Pyrimidine in the Microbial World. International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2014; Article ID 202784, 31 pages.
35. Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Zafar Ali Shah, Farhan Saeed, Ali Imran, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Bashir Ahmad, Sami Bawazeer, Muhammad Atif, Dennis G.Peters and Mohammad S. Mubarak. Chemo-preventive and therapeutic effect of the dietary flavonoid Kaempferol: A comprehensive review. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Phytotherapy Research. 2018; 1-13.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
AUTHORS WHO PUBLISH WITH THIS JOURNAL AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).