Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD): A Deadly Neurodegenerative Condition; Its Epidemiology, Monitoring, Current Status of Prevention and Circumvention

Abstract

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJDis a rare brain ailment that causes dementia. It is often referred to as Creutzfeldt-Jakob. It is a member of a class of illnesses called prion disorders that affect both humans and animals. Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease symptoms can be comparable.A rare yet deadly neurodegenerative condition is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). According to reports, it affects one in one to one and a half million people worldwide each year, with less than 1,000 cases occurring in the US.A deadly neurodegenerative condition, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is also referred to as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive dysfunction caused by prion disease. Memory issues, behavioural changes, poor coordination, and visual impairments are some of the early indications. Dementia, uncontrollable movements, blindness, paralysis, and coma are later signs. Within a year, almost 70% of people pass away.In 1922, Walther Spielmeyer coined the term "Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease" in honour of the German neurologists Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and Alfons Maria Jakob. A protein called a prion folds abnormally to cause CJD. Misfolded proteins known as infectious prions can cause other misfolded proteins to do the same.People with CJD experience a variety of symptoms, such as uncontrollable muscle spasms or mobility issues, memory loss, and cognitive challenges. Because CJD causes so much damage, it is ultimately fatal.The diseases CJD and variant CJD (vCJD) are not the same, despite their very similar names. They're both prion illnesses. But eating meat from cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, also known as Mad Cow Disease, is linked to variant CJD. CJD mostly happens seldom and is sometimes referred to as "classic CJD" to prevent confusion.Although there isn't a known cure for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the National Prion Clinic is doing clinical research to look at potential therapies. Currently, the goal of treatment is to keep the patient as comfortable as possible while using medications to lessen symptoms.The present state of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), its underlying causes, and possible treatments are assessed in this article.