Review on the Different Approach between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i2.1111Keywords:
Alzheimer, β-amyloid, tau protein, Parkinson, dopamineAbstract
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are disorders which are commonly affects the brain. However, Parkinson’s disease affects the speed of thinking and memory including cognitive functions, whereas Alzheimer’s affects memory and words. With this reviewed article, this information about twodisorders which are very seriously in modern disease will help you prepare for a healthy 100-year-old.
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References
1. Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev. 2001;81(2):741-66
2. Dominic M Walsh 1, David B Teplow. Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid β-protein. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2012;107:101-24
3. Soria Lopez JA, González HM, Léger GC. Alzheimer's disease. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;167:231-255
4. Lane CA, Hardy J, Schott JM. Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25(1):59-70
5. Richard J O'Brien, Philip C Wong. Amyloid precursor protein processing and Alzheimer's disease. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:185-204
6. Goran Šimić, Mirjana Babić Leko, Selina Wray, Charles Harrington, Ivana Delalle, Nataša Jovanov-Milošević, Danira Bažadona, Luc Buée, Rohan de Silva, Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Claude Wischik, and Patrick R. Hof, Goran Šimić. Tau Protein Hyperphosphorylation and Aggregation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Tauopathies, and Possible Neuroprotective Strategies. Biomolecules. 2016; 6(1): 6
7. Tony Wyss-Coray1, and Joseph Rogers. Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease—A Brief Review of the Basic Science and Clinical Literature. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012; 2(1): a006346.
8. Alejandro Gellacorresponding author and Nuria Durany. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Cell Adh Migr. 2009; 3(1): 88–93.
9. Gurpreet Kaur Hansra, Glib Popov, Patricia O Banaczek, Monica Vogiatzis, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Claire S Goldsbury, Karen M Cullen. The neuritic plaque in Alzheimer's disease: perivascular degeneration of neuronal processes. Neurobiol Aging. 2019; 82:88-101.
10. Murphy MP, LeVine H. Alzheimer’s disease and the amyloid-beta peptide. J Alzheimers Dis 2010;19:311–23.
11. Huang HCC, Jiang ZFF. Accumulated amyloid-beta peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein: relationship and links in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:15–27. Suppl3 : S115–23.
12. O'Brien RJ, Wong PC.Amyloid precursor protein processing and Alzheimer's disease.Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:185-204.
13. Selkoe DJ.Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy.Physiol Rev. 2001; 81(2):741-66.
14. Mangialasche F, Solomon A, Winblad B, Mecocci P, Kivipelto M. Alzheimer's disease: clinical trials and drug development. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9(7):702-16.
15. Wu L, Rosa-Neto P, Hsiung GY, Sadovnick AD, Masellis M, Black SE, Jia J, Gauthier S.Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD).Can J Neurol Sci. 2012;39(4):436-45.
16. Samii A, Nutt JG, Ransom BR.Parkinson's disease.Lancet. 2004; 363(9423):1783-93.
17. Hayes MT.Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism. Am J Med. 2019;132(7):802-807.
18. Chen Z, Li G, Liu J.Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Implications for pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;134:104700.
19. Troisi J, Landolfi A, Cavallo P, Marciano F, Barone P, Amboni M.Metabolomics in Parkinson's disease.Adv Clin Chem. 2021;104:107-149.
20. Reich SG, Savitt JM. Parkinson's Disease. Med Clin North Am. 2019; 103(2):337-350.
21. Khan AU, Akram M, Daniyal M, Zainab R. Awareness and current knowledge of Parkinson's disease: a neurodegenerative disorder. Int J Neurosci. 2019; 129(1):55-93.
22. Raza C, Anjum R, Shakeel NUA. Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, translational models and management strategies. Life Sci. 2019;2 26:77-90.
23. Béné R, Antić S, Budisić M, Lisak M, Trkanjec Z, Demarin V, Podobnik-Sarkanji S. Parkinson's disease. Acta Clin Croat. 2009; 48(3):377-80.
24. Schneider RB, Iourinets J, Richard IH. Parkinson's disease psychosis: presentation, diagnosis and management. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2017; 7(6):365-376.
25. Michael R Post, David Sulzer. The chemical tools for imaging dopamine release. Cell Chem Biol. 2021; 28(6):748-764
26. Jean-Martin Beaulieu, Raul R Gainetdinov. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63(1):182-217.
27. Masayuki Matsumoto. Dopamine signals and physiological origin of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(4):472-83.
28. Cristina Catoni, Tito Calì, and Marisa Brini. Calcium, Dopamine and Neuronal Calcium Sensor: Their Contribution to Parkinson’s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci. 2019;12: 55-62.
29. J Birtwistle 1, D Baldwin. Role of dopamine in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Br J Nurs. 1998;7(14):832-4, 836, 838-41.
30. Shaltiel-Karyo R, Frenkel-Pinter M, Rockenstein E, Patrick C, Levy-Sakin M, Schiller A. A blood-brain barrier (BBB) disrupter is also a potent alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) aggregation inhibitor: a novel dual mechanism of mannitol for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). J. Biol. Chem. 2013;288:17579-17588.
31. Victoria Monge‑Fuentes, Andréia Biolchi Mayer, Marcos Robalinho Lima, Luiza RibeiroGeraldes, Larissa Nepomuceno Zanotto, KarlaGraziella Moreira1, Olimpia Paschoal Martins, Henrique Luís Piva, Maria Sueli Soares Felipe, Andre CorreaAmaral, Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca, Antonio ClaudioTedesco & Márcia Renata Mortari. Dopamine‑loaded nanoparticle systems circumvent the blood–brain barrier restoring motor function in mouse model for Parkinson’s Disease. Scientifc Reports. 2021;11:15185
32. S Fahn. Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006 ;(71):1-15.
33. Wakabayashi K, Tanji K, Odagiri S, Miki Y, Mori F, Takahashi H. The Lewy body in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurobiol. 2013; 47(2):495-508.
34. Taylor JP, McKeith IG, Burn DJ, Boeve BF, Weintraub D, Bamford C, Allan LM, Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT. New evidence on the management of Lewy body dementia. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(2):157-169.
35. Shahed J, Jankovic J. Exploring the relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and related disorders 2007; 13(2): 67-76.
36. Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Hallett M. Pathophysiology of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2001; 124(11): 2131-2146.
37. Shulman LM, Taback RL, Rabinstein AA, Weiner WJ. Non-recognition of depression and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and related disorders 2002;8(3): 193-197.
38. Ha AD, Jankovic J. Pain in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorder. 2012; 27(4): 485-491.
39. Christa Boulos, Nathalie Yaghi, Rita El Hayeck, Gessica Nha Heraoui, Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh. Nutritional Risk Factors, Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: What Is the Current Evidence? Nutrients. 2019; 11(8):1896. doi: 10.3390/nu11081896.
40. Chandra A, Dervenoulas G, Politis M. Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol. 2019; 266(6):1293-1302.
41. Heim B, Krismer F, De Marzi R, Seppi K.Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017;124(8):915-964.
42. Walker L, Stefanis L, Attems J. Clinical and neuropathological differences between Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies - current issues and future directions. J Neurochem. 2019; 150(5):467-474.
43. Martial B, Raîche-Marcoux G, Lefèvre T, Audet P, Voyer N, Auger M.Structure of a Parkinson's Disease-Involved alpha-Synuclein Peptide Is Modulated by Membrane Composition and Physical State.J Phys Chem B. 2020;124(17):3469-3481.
44. Sezgin M, Bilgic B, Tinaz S, Emre M. Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Lewy Body Disease. Semin Neurol. 2019; 39(2):274-282.
45. Gibbons CH, Wang N, Freeman R.Cutaneous Alpha-Synuclein From Paraffin Embedded Autopsy Specimens in Parkinson's Disease.J Parkinsons Dis. 2017;7(3):503-509.
46. Larsson V, Torisson G, Londos E. Relative survival in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. PLoS One 2018; 8:e0202044.
47. Neuropathological and Biomarker Findings in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: From Protein Aggregates to Synaptic Dysfunction.Compta Y, Revesz T.J Parkinsons Dis. 2021; 11(1):107-121.
48. Macdonald R, Barnes K, Hastings C, Mortiboys H.Mitochondrial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: can mitochondria be targeted therapeutically?Biochem Soc Trans. 2018; 46(4):891-909.
49. Htike TT, Mishra S, Kumar S, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás B.Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.Mol Neurobiol. 2019; 56(3):2256-2277.
50. Mele B, Van S, Holroyd-Leduc J, Ismail Z, Pringsheim T, Goodarzi Z. Diagnosis, treatment and management of apathy in Parkinson's disease: a scoping review.BMJ Open. 2020; 10(9):e037632.
51. Atri A. The Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Spectrum: Diagnosis and Management. Med Clin North Am. 2019;103(2):263-293
52. Albin RL. Parkinson's disease: background, diagnosis, and initial management. Clin Geriatr Med. 2006; 22(4):735-51,
53. Peng B, Yang Q, B Joshi R, Liu Y, Akbar M, Song BJ, Zhou S, Wang X.Role of Alcohol Drinking in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2316.
54. Benjamin G Trist, Dominic J Hare, Kay L Double. Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell. 2019;18(6):e13031. doi: 10.1111/acel.13031. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
55. Dallé E, Mabandla MV.Early Life Stress, Depression And Parkinson's Disease: A New Approach. Mol Brain. 2018 Mar 19; 11(1):18.
56. Lane EL. L-DOPA for Parkinson’s disease-a bittersweet pill. Eur J Neurosci. 2019;49(3):384-398.
57. LeWitt PA. Levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Mov Disord. 2015;30(1):64-72.
58. Johannes M., Daniel W. and Karsten H. Complexity of dopamine metabolism. Cell Commun Signal. 2013; 11: 34.
59. Neumann S, Taylor J, Bamford A, Metcalfe C, Gaunt DM, Whone A, Steeds D, Emmett SR, Hollingworth W, Ben-Shlomo Y, Henderson EJ.Cholinesterase inhibitor to prevent falls in Parkinson's disease (CHIEF-PD) trial: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of rivastigmine to prevent falls in Parkinson's disease.BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):422.
60. Jinping Liu, Lirong Chang, Yizhi Song, Hui Li, and Yan Wu. The Role of
61. NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease Front Mol Neurosci. 2019; 13: 43.
62. Sohita Dhillon. Aducanumab: First Approval. Drugs. 2021; 81(12):1437-1443.
63. Stephen Salloway, Spyros Chalkias, Frederik Barkhof, Patrick Burkett, Jerome Barakos, Derk Purcell, Joyce Suhy, Fiona Forrestal, Ying Tian, Kimberly Umans, Guanfang Wang, Priya Singhal, Samantha Budd Haeberlein, Karen Smirnakis. Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in 2 Phase 3 Studies Evaluating Aducanumab in Patients With Early Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(1):13-21.
64. Yan Lu, Zhen Li, Xinqing Zhang, Baoquan Ming, Jianping Jia, Rong Wang, Daqing Ma. Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease: evidence in optical coherence tomography. Neurosci Lett. 2010;480(1):69-7.
65. Ferreira-Vieira TH, Guimaraes IM, Silva FR, Ribeiro FM.Alzheimer's disease: Targeting the Cholinergic System.Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(1):101-15.
66. Boben Benjamin, Alistair Burns. Donepezil for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother. 2007;7(10):1243-9
67. Richard A Hansen, Gerald Gartlehner, Aaron P Webb, Laura C Morgan, Charity G Moore. Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):211-25.
68. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. London:NICE, 2011. Available online at www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta217/chapter/3-The-technologies.
69. A Tanović, V Alfaro. Glutamate-related excitotoxicity neuroprotection with memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor, in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Rev Neurol. 2006;42(10):607-16.
70. AtriA,Molinuevo JL, Lemming O. Memantine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease receiving donepezil: new analyses of efficacy and safety for combination therapy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2013;5:6-12.
71. E Stewart, J Innes, J Mackenzie, G Downie. A strategy to reduce laxative use among older people. Nurs Times. 1997;93(4):35-6.
72. HampelH, Ewers M, Bürger K. Lithium trial in Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter 10-week study. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70:922–31.
73. Corbett A, Husebo B, Malcangio M, Staniland A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Aarsland D, Ballard C.Assessment and treatment of pain in people with dementia.Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(5):264-74.
2. Dominic M Walsh 1, David B Teplow. Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid β-protein. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2012;107:101-24
3. Soria Lopez JA, González HM, Léger GC. Alzheimer's disease. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;167:231-255
4. Lane CA, Hardy J, Schott JM. Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25(1):59-70
5. Richard J O'Brien, Philip C Wong. Amyloid precursor protein processing and Alzheimer's disease. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:185-204
6. Goran Šimić, Mirjana Babić Leko, Selina Wray, Charles Harrington, Ivana Delalle, Nataša Jovanov-Milošević, Danira Bažadona, Luc Buée, Rohan de Silva, Giuseppe Di Giovanni, Claude Wischik, and Patrick R. Hof, Goran Šimić. Tau Protein Hyperphosphorylation and Aggregation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Tauopathies, and Possible Neuroprotective Strategies. Biomolecules. 2016; 6(1): 6
7. Tony Wyss-Coray1, and Joseph Rogers. Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease—A Brief Review of the Basic Science and Clinical Literature. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012; 2(1): a006346.
8. Alejandro Gellacorresponding author and Nuria Durany. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Cell Adh Migr. 2009; 3(1): 88–93.
9. Gurpreet Kaur Hansra, Glib Popov, Patricia O Banaczek, Monica Vogiatzis, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Claire S Goldsbury, Karen M Cullen. The neuritic plaque in Alzheimer's disease: perivascular degeneration of neuronal processes. Neurobiol Aging. 2019; 82:88-101.
10. Murphy MP, LeVine H. Alzheimer’s disease and the amyloid-beta peptide. J Alzheimers Dis 2010;19:311–23.
11. Huang HCC, Jiang ZFF. Accumulated amyloid-beta peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein: relationship and links in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:15–27. Suppl3 : S115–23.
12. O'Brien RJ, Wong PC.Amyloid precursor protein processing and Alzheimer's disease.Annu Rev Neurosci. 2011;34:185-204.
13. Selkoe DJ.Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy.Physiol Rev. 2001; 81(2):741-66.
14. Mangialasche F, Solomon A, Winblad B, Mecocci P, Kivipelto M. Alzheimer's disease: clinical trials and drug development. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9(7):702-16.
15. Wu L, Rosa-Neto P, Hsiung GY, Sadovnick AD, Masellis M, Black SE, Jia J, Gauthier S.Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD).Can J Neurol Sci. 2012;39(4):436-45.
16. Samii A, Nutt JG, Ransom BR.Parkinson's disease.Lancet. 2004; 363(9423):1783-93.
17. Hayes MT.Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism. Am J Med. 2019;132(7):802-807.
18. Chen Z, Li G, Liu J.Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Implications for pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;134:104700.
19. Troisi J, Landolfi A, Cavallo P, Marciano F, Barone P, Amboni M.Metabolomics in Parkinson's disease.Adv Clin Chem. 2021;104:107-149.
20. Reich SG, Savitt JM. Parkinson's Disease. Med Clin North Am. 2019; 103(2):337-350.
21. Khan AU, Akram M, Daniyal M, Zainab R. Awareness and current knowledge of Parkinson's disease: a neurodegenerative disorder. Int J Neurosci. 2019; 129(1):55-93.
22. Raza C, Anjum R, Shakeel NUA. Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, translational models and management strategies. Life Sci. 2019;2 26:77-90.
23. Béné R, Antić S, Budisić M, Lisak M, Trkanjec Z, Demarin V, Podobnik-Sarkanji S. Parkinson's disease. Acta Clin Croat. 2009; 48(3):377-80.
24. Schneider RB, Iourinets J, Richard IH. Parkinson's disease psychosis: presentation, diagnosis and management. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2017; 7(6):365-376.
25. Michael R Post, David Sulzer. The chemical tools for imaging dopamine release. Cell Chem Biol. 2021; 28(6):748-764
26. Jean-Martin Beaulieu, Raul R Gainetdinov. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63(1):182-217.
27. Masayuki Matsumoto. Dopamine signals and physiological origin of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(4):472-83.
28. Cristina Catoni, Tito Calì, and Marisa Brini. Calcium, Dopamine and Neuronal Calcium Sensor: Their Contribution to Parkinson’s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci. 2019;12: 55-62.
29. J Birtwistle 1, D Baldwin. Role of dopamine in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Br J Nurs. 1998;7(14):832-4, 836, 838-41.
30. Shaltiel-Karyo R, Frenkel-Pinter M, Rockenstein E, Patrick C, Levy-Sakin M, Schiller A. A blood-brain barrier (BBB) disrupter is also a potent alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) aggregation inhibitor: a novel dual mechanism of mannitol for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). J. Biol. Chem. 2013;288:17579-17588.
31. Victoria Monge‑Fuentes, Andréia Biolchi Mayer, Marcos Robalinho Lima, Luiza RibeiroGeraldes, Larissa Nepomuceno Zanotto, KarlaGraziella Moreira1, Olimpia Paschoal Martins, Henrique Luís Piva, Maria Sueli Soares Felipe, Andre CorreaAmaral, Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca, Antonio ClaudioTedesco & Márcia Renata Mortari. Dopamine‑loaded nanoparticle systems circumvent the blood–brain barrier restoring motor function in mouse model for Parkinson’s Disease. Scientifc Reports. 2021;11:15185
32. S Fahn. Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006 ;(71):1-15.
33. Wakabayashi K, Tanji K, Odagiri S, Miki Y, Mori F, Takahashi H. The Lewy body in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurobiol. 2013; 47(2):495-508.
34. Taylor JP, McKeith IG, Burn DJ, Boeve BF, Weintraub D, Bamford C, Allan LM, Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT. New evidence on the management of Lewy body dementia. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(2):157-169.
35. Shahed J, Jankovic J. Exploring the relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and related disorders 2007; 13(2): 67-76.
36. Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Hallett M. Pathophysiology of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2001; 124(11): 2131-2146.
37. Shulman LM, Taback RL, Rabinstein AA, Weiner WJ. Non-recognition of depression and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and related disorders 2002;8(3): 193-197.
38. Ha AD, Jankovic J. Pain in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorder. 2012; 27(4): 485-491.
39. Christa Boulos, Nathalie Yaghi, Rita El Hayeck, Gessica Nha Heraoui, Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh. Nutritional Risk Factors, Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: What Is the Current Evidence? Nutrients. 2019; 11(8):1896. doi: 10.3390/nu11081896.
40. Chandra A, Dervenoulas G, Politis M. Magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol. 2019; 266(6):1293-1302.
41. Heim B, Krismer F, De Marzi R, Seppi K.Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017;124(8):915-964.
42. Walker L, Stefanis L, Attems J. Clinical and neuropathological differences between Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies - current issues and future directions. J Neurochem. 2019; 150(5):467-474.
43. Martial B, Raîche-Marcoux G, Lefèvre T, Audet P, Voyer N, Auger M.Structure of a Parkinson's Disease-Involved alpha-Synuclein Peptide Is Modulated by Membrane Composition and Physical State.J Phys Chem B. 2020;124(17):3469-3481.
44. Sezgin M, Bilgic B, Tinaz S, Emre M. Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Lewy Body Disease. Semin Neurol. 2019; 39(2):274-282.
45. Gibbons CH, Wang N, Freeman R.Cutaneous Alpha-Synuclein From Paraffin Embedded Autopsy Specimens in Parkinson's Disease.J Parkinsons Dis. 2017;7(3):503-509.
46. Larsson V, Torisson G, Londos E. Relative survival in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. PLoS One 2018; 8:e0202044.
47. Neuropathological and Biomarker Findings in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: From Protein Aggregates to Synaptic Dysfunction.Compta Y, Revesz T.J Parkinsons Dis. 2021; 11(1):107-121.
48. Macdonald R, Barnes K, Hastings C, Mortiboys H.Mitochondrial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: can mitochondria be targeted therapeutically?Biochem Soc Trans. 2018; 46(4):891-909.
49. Htike TT, Mishra S, Kumar S, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás B.Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.Mol Neurobiol. 2019; 56(3):2256-2277.
50. Mele B, Van S, Holroyd-Leduc J, Ismail Z, Pringsheim T, Goodarzi Z. Diagnosis, treatment and management of apathy in Parkinson's disease: a scoping review.BMJ Open. 2020; 10(9):e037632.
51. Atri A. The Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Spectrum: Diagnosis and Management. Med Clin North Am. 2019;103(2):263-293
52. Albin RL. Parkinson's disease: background, diagnosis, and initial management. Clin Geriatr Med. 2006; 22(4):735-51,
53. Peng B, Yang Q, B Joshi R, Liu Y, Akbar M, Song BJ, Zhou S, Wang X.Role of Alcohol Drinking in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2316.
54. Benjamin G Trist, Dominic J Hare, Kay L Double. Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell. 2019;18(6):e13031. doi: 10.1111/acel.13031. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
55. Dallé E, Mabandla MV.Early Life Stress, Depression And Parkinson's Disease: A New Approach. Mol Brain. 2018 Mar 19; 11(1):18.
56. Lane EL. L-DOPA for Parkinson’s disease-a bittersweet pill. Eur J Neurosci. 2019;49(3):384-398.
57. LeWitt PA. Levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Mov Disord. 2015;30(1):64-72.
58. Johannes M., Daniel W. and Karsten H. Complexity of dopamine metabolism. Cell Commun Signal. 2013; 11: 34.
59. Neumann S, Taylor J, Bamford A, Metcalfe C, Gaunt DM, Whone A, Steeds D, Emmett SR, Hollingworth W, Ben-Shlomo Y, Henderson EJ.Cholinesterase inhibitor to prevent falls in Parkinson's disease (CHIEF-PD) trial: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of rivastigmine to prevent falls in Parkinson's disease.BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):422.
60. Jinping Liu, Lirong Chang, Yizhi Song, Hui Li, and Yan Wu. The Role of
61. NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease Front Mol Neurosci. 2019; 13: 43.
62. Sohita Dhillon. Aducanumab: First Approval. Drugs. 2021; 81(12):1437-1443.
63. Stephen Salloway, Spyros Chalkias, Frederik Barkhof, Patrick Burkett, Jerome Barakos, Derk Purcell, Joyce Suhy, Fiona Forrestal, Ying Tian, Kimberly Umans, Guanfang Wang, Priya Singhal, Samantha Budd Haeberlein, Karen Smirnakis. Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in 2 Phase 3 Studies Evaluating Aducanumab in Patients With Early Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(1):13-21.
64. Yan Lu, Zhen Li, Xinqing Zhang, Baoquan Ming, Jianping Jia, Rong Wang, Daqing Ma. Retinal nerve fiber layer structure abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease: evidence in optical coherence tomography. Neurosci Lett. 2010;480(1):69-7.
65. Ferreira-Vieira TH, Guimaraes IM, Silva FR, Ribeiro FM.Alzheimer's disease: Targeting the Cholinergic System.Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(1):101-15.
66. Boben Benjamin, Alistair Burns. Donepezil for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother. 2007;7(10):1243-9
67. Richard A Hansen, Gerald Gartlehner, Aaron P Webb, Laura C Morgan, Charity G Moore. Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):211-25.
68. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. London:NICE, 2011. Available online at www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta217/chapter/3-The-technologies.
69. A Tanović, V Alfaro. Glutamate-related excitotoxicity neuroprotection with memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor, in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Rev Neurol. 2006;42(10):607-16.
70. AtriA,Molinuevo JL, Lemming O. Memantine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease receiving donepezil: new analyses of efficacy and safety for combination therapy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2013;5:6-12.
71. E Stewart, J Innes, J Mackenzie, G Downie. A strategy to reduce laxative use among older people. Nurs Times. 1997;93(4):35-6.
72. HampelH, Ewers M, Bürger K. Lithium trial in Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter 10-week study. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70:922–31.
73. Corbett A, Husebo B, Malcangio M, Staniland A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Aarsland D, Ballard C.Assessment and treatment of pain in people with dementia.Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(5):264-74.
Published
2022-04-15
How to Cite
Park, C., Won, D.-Y., & Jung, J.-E. (2022). Review on the Different Approach between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 10(2), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i2.1111
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