A Review on Phytochemical Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Thuja Occidentalis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i2.1105Keywords:
Thuja occidentalis, thujone, pharmacological, biological activitiesAbstract
Thuja occidentalis plant of Cupressaceae family originated in Eastern North America and is now planted as an ornamental tree in Europe and Brazil, where it is known as the "tree of life" or "white cedar." It's often used to treat liver problems, enuresis, amenorrhea, bullous bronchitis, psoriasis, cystitis, uterine carcinomas, diarrhoea, and rheumatism in traditional medicine. Due to the presence of essential oil, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanins, the chemical ingredients of T. occidentalis have piqued researchers' curiosity for decades. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, gastrointestinal tract protective action, radioprotection, antipyretic, and lipid metabolism regulating activity are all examples of pharmacology. As a result, the current study is a compilation of all essential material for T. occidentalis, including phytochemical, biological and a detailed examination of their pharmacological properties.The current review represents a synthesis of all relevant information for Thuja occidentalis, including phytochemical, biologicaland a thorough analysis of their pharmacological activities, in order to promote all of the biological activities demonstrated thus far, rather than focusing on a single biological activity.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Adetutu A, Morgan WA, Corcoran O. Ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro evaluation of wound-healing plants used in South-western Nigeria. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2011; 137(1):50-6.
2. Shenoy RR, Sudheendra AT, Nayak PG, Paul P, Kutty NG, Rao CM. Normal and delayed wound healing is improved by sesamol, an active constituent of Sesamum indicum (L.) in albino rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011;133(2):608-12.
3. Sanwal R, Chaudhary AK. Wound healing and antimicrobial potential of Carissa spinarum Linn. in albino mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011 Jun 1; 135(3):792-6.
4. Tlili N, Sarikurkcu C. Bioactive compounds profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of water extracts from five selected medicinal plants. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 151:112448.
5. Caruntu S, Ciceu A, Olah NK, Don I, Hermenean A, Cotoraci C. Thuja occidentalis L.(Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Molecules. 25(22):5416.
6. Keshav Bharti, Manmohan Sharma, Girish Kumar Vyas, Dr. Shailesh Sharma, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(2):17-22.
7. Raj M, Vyas GK, Dr. Sharma S, Sharma A, Phyto Analysis, Formulation, And Evaluation of Herbal Lotion Produced from Allium Sativum and Phyllanthus Emblica Alcoholic Extracts, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(2):37- 43.
8. Raj M, Vyas GK, Sharma S, Bishnoi H, A Comparative Review on Allium Sativum and Phyllanthus Emblica, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(2):77-82.
9. Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Ahmadpour P, Javadzadeh Y. Effects of Vitex agnus and Flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2016; 24:90-5.
10. Rai MK. Herbal medicines in India: retrospect and prospect. Fitoterapia (Milano). 1994; 65(6):483-91.
11. Harvey AL, Edrada-Ebel R, Quinn RJ. The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nature reviews drug discovery. 2015; 14(2):111-29.
12. Caruntu S, Ciceu A, Olah NK, Don I, Hermenean A, Cotoraci C. Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Molecules. 2020; 25(22):5416.
13. Chang LC, Song LL, Park EJ, Luyengi L, Lee KJ, Farnsworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Bioactive Constituents of Thuja o ccidentalis. Journal of natural products. 2000; 63(9):1235-8.
14. Millspaugh CF. American medicinal plants: an illustrated and descriptive guide to plants indigenous to and naturalized in the United States which are used in medicine. Courier Corporation; 1974.
15. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005; 2(1):69-78.
16. Shimada K. Contribution to Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of the Japanese XI. Upon the Vermal Arbor Vitae. Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica. 1956; 28(1-6):207-27.
17. Baran D. Arbor vitae, a guarantee of health. Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici siNaturalisti din Iasi. 1991; 95(3-4):347-9.
18. Offergeld R, Reinecker C, Gumz E, Schrum S, Treiber R, Neth RD, Gohla SH. Mitogenic activity of high molecular polysaccharide fractions isolated from the cuppressaceae Thuja occidentalis L. enhanced cytokine-production by thyapolysaccharide, g-fraction (TPSg). Leukemia. 1992 Jan 1; 6:189S-91S.
19. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 Feb 9;2(1):69-78.
20. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 Feb 9;2(1):69-78.
21. Reitz HD. Immunmodulatorenmit pflanzlichen Wirkstoffen: einewissenschaftliche Studie am Beispiel Esberitox N. Notabenemedici. 1990; 20:362-6.
22. Vorberg G. Bei Erkältungunspezifische Immunabwehrstimulieren. ÄrztlPrax. 1984; 36:97-8.
23. Verma SK, Singh SK, Singh S, Mathur A. Evaluation of immunomodulatory and microbicidal potential of Thuja occidentalis. Environment Conservation Journal. 2010; 11(3):85-8.
24. Zimmer M. Gezieltekonservative Therapie der akuten Sinusitis in der HNO-Praxis. Therapiewoche. 1985;35(36):4024-8.
25. Nahed GA, Balbaa LK. Influence of tyrosine and zinc on growth, flowering and chemical constituents of Salvia farinacea plants.
26. Vanherweghem JL, Tielemans C, Abramowicz D, Depierreux M, Vanhaelen-Fastre R, Vanhaelen M, Dratwa M, Richard C, Vandervelde D, Verbeelen D, Jadoul M. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. The lancet. 1993 Feb 13; 341(8842):387-91.
27. Elsharkawy ER, Aljohar H, Donia AM. Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activity of Thuja orientalis growing in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Br. J. Pharmaceut. Res. 2017 Jan 1; 15:1-9.
28. Hudson J, Kuo M, Vimalanathan S. The antimicrobial properties of cedar leaf (Thuja plicata) oil; a safe and efficient decontamination agent for buildings. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2011 Dec;8(12):4477-87.
29. Tsiri D, Graikou K, Pobłocka-Olech L, Krauze-Baranowska M, Spyropoulos C, Chinou I. Chemosystematic value of the essential oil composition of Thuja species cultivated in Poland—antimicrobial activity. Molecules. 2009 Nov;14(11):4707-15.
30. Guleria S, Kumar A, Tiku AK. Chemical composition and fungitoxic activity of essential oil of Thuja orientalis L. grown in the north-western Himalaya. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2008 Apr 1;63(3-4):211-4.
31. Başer KH, Demirci B, Demirci F, Koçak S, Akıncı Ç, Malyer H, Güleryüz G. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Achillea multifida. Planta medica. 2002 Oct;68(10):941-3.
32. Sivropoulou A, Nikolaou C, Papanikolaou E, Kokkini S, Lanaras T, Arsenakis M. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiviral activities of Salvia fructicosa essential oil. Journal of Agricultural and food Chemistry. 1997 Aug 18;45(8):3197-201.
33. Zhang XW, Choe YH, Park YJ, Kim BS. Effect of Korean arbor vitae (Thuja koraiensis) extract on antimicrobial and antiviral activity. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2014 Mar 15;8(10):274-7.
34. Aljos F. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens.“Flora of China” editorial board (1978). Flora of China. Science. 2005; 7:318.
35. Mu H, Gao Y, Cheng F, Lin L, Wang G, Xia F. Transcriptomic analysis of different tissues in Korean arborvitae. Dendrobiology. 2019;81.
36. Bellili S, Aouadhi C, Dhifi W, Ghazghazi H, Jlassi C, Sadaka C, Beyrouthy ME, Maaroufi A, Cherif A, Mnif W. The influence of organs on biochemical properties of Tunisian Thuja occidentalis essential oils. Symmetry. 2018 Nov;10(11):649.
37. Gohla SH, Zeman RA, Bögel M, Jurkiewicz E, Schrum S, Haubeck HD, Schmitz H, Hunsmann G, Neth RD. Modification of the in vitro replication of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 by TPSg, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis L.(Arborvitae). InModern Trends in Human Leukemia IX 1992 (pp. 140-149). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
38. Asha R, Nisha P, Suneer K, Mythili A, Shafeeq HA, Panneer SK, Manikandan P, Shobana CS. In vitro activity of various potencies of homeopathic drug Thuja against molds involved in mycotic keratitis. Internat. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2014; 6:555-9.
39. Nazir MZ, Chandel S, Sehgal A. In vitro screening of antioxidant potential of Thuja occidentalis. J Chem Pharm Res. 2016; 8:283-6.
40. Stan MS, Voicu SN, Caruntu S, Nica IC, Olah NK, Burtescu R, Balta C, Rosu M, Herman H, Hermenean A, Dinischiotu A. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a Thuja occidentalis mother tincture for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Antioxidants. 2019 Sep;8(9):416.
41. Dubey SK, Batra A. Antioxidant activities of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2009;2(1):73-6.
42. Yogesh K, Ali J. Antioxidant potential of thuja (Thuja occidentalis) cones and peach (Prunus persia) seeds in raw chicken ground meat during refrigerated (4±1 C) storage. Journal of food science and technology. 2014 Aug;51(8):1547-53.
43. Căruntu S, Olah NK, Balta C, ROȘU M, Mlădin B, Hermenean A. Thuja Occidentalis Mother Tincture Alleviate The Cox-2 Expression In Intestinal Mucosa Of The Tnbs-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Model In Mice. Studia Universitatis VasileGoldisSeriaStiinteleVietii (Life Sciences Series). 2020 Jul 1; 30(3).
44. Biswas R, Mandal SK, Dutta S, Bhattacharyya SS, Boujedaini N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Thujone-rich fraction of Thuja occidentalis demonstrates major anti-cancer potentials: evidences from in vitro studies on A375 cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011 Jan 1;2011.
45. Torres A, Vargas Y, Uribe D, Carrasco C, Torres C, Rocha R, Oyarzún C, San Martín R, Quezada C. Pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic properties of the α/β-thujone fraction from Thuja occidentalis on glioblastoma cells. Journal of neuro-oncology. 2016 May;128(1):9-19.
46. Sunila ES, Hamsa TP, Kuttan G. Effect of Thuja occidentalis and its polysaccharide on cell-mediated immune responses and cytokine levels of metastatic tumor-bearing animals. Pharmaceutical biology. 2011 Oct 1;49(10):1065-73.
47. Sunila ES, Kuttan G. A preliminary study on antimetastatic activity of Thuja occidentalis L. in mice model. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 2006 Jan 1; 28(2):269-80.
48. Das S, Rani R. Antioxidant and gastroprotective properties of the fruits of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Asian J. Biochem. Pharm. Res. 2013; 3(3):80-7.
49. Dubey SK, Batra A. Hepatoprotective Activity from Ethanol Fraction of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2008; 1(1):32-5.
50. Dubey SK, Batra A. Anti-diabetic activity of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2008; 1(4):362-5.
51. Dubey SK, Batra A. Role of Phenolics in Anti-Atherosclerotic Property of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009; 2009(6):12.
52. Sunila ES, Kuttan G. Protective effect of Thuja occidentalis against radiation-induced toxicity in mice. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2005 Dec;4(4):322-8.
53. Aziz A, Khan IA, Ahmed MB, Hussain S. Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Thuja occidentalis Linn. in PGE1 and TAB-Vaccine induced pyrexia models in rabbits.
54. Rakotonirainy MS, Lavédrine B. Screening for antifungal activity of essential oils and related compounds to control the biocontamination in libraries and archives storage areas. International biodeterioration & biodegradation. 2005 Mar 1;55(2):141-7.
55. Pavela R. Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Fitoterapia. 2005 Dec 1;76(7-8):691-6.
56. Selvarani V, James H. The activity of cedar leaf oil vapor against respiratory viruses: Practical applications. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2013 Nov 1;3(11):11.
57. Han X, Parker TL. Arborvitae (Thuja plicata) essential oil significantly inhibited critical inflammation-and tissue remodeling-related proteins and genes in human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie open. 2017 Jun 1; 4:56-60.
58. Lei H, Wang Y, Su C, Liang F, Su W, Hui M, Shaw P, Luo Y. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of Thuja sutchuenensis, a critically endangered species endemic to China. Natural Product Communications. 2010 Oct;5(10):1934578X1000501032.
59. Wang M, Zhao L, Chen K, Shang Y, Wu J, Guo X, Chen Y, Liu H, Tan H, Qiu SX. Antibacterial sesquiterpenes from the stems and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Bioorganic Chemistry. 2020 Mar 1; 96:103645.
60. Tanaka R, Ohtsu H, Iwamoto M, Minami T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Matsunaga S, Yoshitake A. Cancer chemo preventive agents, labdane diterpenoids from the stem bark of Thuja standishii (Gord.) Carr. Cancer letters. 2000 Dec 20;161(2):165-70.
61. Kinouchi Y, Ohtsu H, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R. Potential antitumor-promoting diterpenoids from the stem bark of Picea g lehni. Journal of natural products. 2000 Jun 23; 63(6):817-20.
62. Iwamoto M, Ohtsu H, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R. Anti-tumor promoting diterpenes from the stem bark of Thuja standishii (Cupressaceae). Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2001 Jul 1; 9(7):1911-21.
63. Patel S, Sharma V, S Chauhan N, Thakur M, Dixit VK. Hair growth: focus on herbal therapeutic agent. Current drug discovery technologies. 2015 Mar 1;12(1):21-42.
64. Jasuja ND, Sharma SK, Saxena R, Choudhary J, Sharma R, Joshi SC. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical investigation of Thuja orientalis leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2013 Jul 3; 7(25):1886-93.
65. Witte L, Berlin J, Wray V, Schubert W, Kohl W, Höfle G, Hammer J. Mono-and diterpenes from cell cultures of Thuja occidentalis. Planta medica. 1983 Dec; 49(12):216-21.
66. Berlin J, Witte L, Schubert W, Wray V. Determination and quantification of monoterpenoids secreted into the medium of cell cultures of Thuja occidentalis. Phytochemistry. 1984 May 14;23(6):1277-9.
67. Kawai S, Hasegawa T, Gotoh M, Ohashi H. 4-O-Demethylyatein from the branch wood of Thuja occidentalis. Phytochemistry. 1994 Dec 1;37(6):1699-702.
68. Khubeiz MJ, Mansour G, Zahraa B. Antibacterial and phytochemical investigation of Thuja orientalis (L.) leaves essential oil from Syria. Int. J. Curr. Pharmaceut. Rev. Res. 2016; 7:243-7.
69. Ismail A, Mohsen H, Bassem J, Lamia H. Chemical composition of Thuja orientalis L. essential oils and study of their allelopathic potential on germination and seedling growth of weeds. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2015 Jan 2;48(1):18-27.
70. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 Feb 9;2(1):69-78.
71. Silva IS, Nicolau LA, Sousa FB, de Araújo S, Oliveira AP, Araújo TS, Souza LK, Martins CS, Aquino PE, Carvalho LL, Silva RO. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract and polysaccharide fraction of Thuja occidentalis Linn. in mice. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2017 Dec 1; 105:1105-16.
72. Caruntu S, Ciceu A, Olah NK, Don I, Hermenean A, Cotoraci C. Thuja occidentalis L.(Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Molecules. 2020 Jan; 25(22):5416.
73. Tegtmeier M, Harnischfeger G. Die Abhängigkeit des Thujonge haltesvom Extraktionsver fahrenbei Zubereintungenaus Thujaeherba. Pharmazie. 1994; 49(1):56-8.
74. Aziz A, AHMAD KI, Hussain M, Raza MA. Pharmacological Evaluation of Sedative activity of methanolic extract of Thuja occidentalis in mice.
75. Bodinet C, Freudenstein J. Effects of an orally applied aqueous-ethanolic extract of a mixture of Thujae occidentalis herba, Baptisiaetinctoriae radix, Echinaceae purpureae radix and Echina ceaepallidae radix on antibody response against sheep red blood cells in mice. Planta medica. 1999 Dec; 65(08):695-9.
76. Gohlash, zemanra, gartner s, popovic m, jurkiewicz e, haubeckhd, schrum s, gallorc, nethrd, hunsmann g. Inhibition of the replication of hiv-1 by tpsg, a polysaccharide-fraction isolated from the cupressaceae thuja-occidentalis l. Inaids research and human retroviruses 1990 jan 1 (vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131-131). 2 madison avenue, larchmont, ny 10538: maryannliebertinc publ.
2. Shenoy RR, Sudheendra AT, Nayak PG, Paul P, Kutty NG, Rao CM. Normal and delayed wound healing is improved by sesamol, an active constituent of Sesamum indicum (L.) in albino rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011;133(2):608-12.
3. Sanwal R, Chaudhary AK. Wound healing and antimicrobial potential of Carissa spinarum Linn. in albino mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011 Jun 1; 135(3):792-6.
4. Tlili N, Sarikurkcu C. Bioactive compounds profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of water extracts from five selected medicinal plants. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 151:112448.
5. Caruntu S, Ciceu A, Olah NK, Don I, Hermenean A, Cotoraci C. Thuja occidentalis L.(Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Molecules. 25(22):5416.
6. Keshav Bharti, Manmohan Sharma, Girish Kumar Vyas, Dr. Shailesh Sharma, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(2):17-22.
7. Raj M, Vyas GK, Dr. Sharma S, Sharma A, Phyto Analysis, Formulation, And Evaluation of Herbal Lotion Produced from Allium Sativum and Phyllanthus Emblica Alcoholic Extracts, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(2):37- 43.
8. Raj M, Vyas GK, Sharma S, Bishnoi H, A Comparative Review on Allium Sativum and Phyllanthus Emblica, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2022; 10(2):77-82.
9. Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Ahmadpour P, Javadzadeh Y. Effects of Vitex agnus and Flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2016; 24:90-5.
10. Rai MK. Herbal medicines in India: retrospect and prospect. Fitoterapia (Milano). 1994; 65(6):483-91.
11. Harvey AL, Edrada-Ebel R, Quinn RJ. The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nature reviews drug discovery. 2015; 14(2):111-29.
12. Caruntu S, Ciceu A, Olah NK, Don I, Hermenean A, Cotoraci C. Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Molecules. 2020; 25(22):5416.
13. Chang LC, Song LL, Park EJ, Luyengi L, Lee KJ, Farnsworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Bioactive Constituents of Thuja o ccidentalis. Journal of natural products. 2000; 63(9):1235-8.
14. Millspaugh CF. American medicinal plants: an illustrated and descriptive guide to plants indigenous to and naturalized in the United States which are used in medicine. Courier Corporation; 1974.
15. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005; 2(1):69-78.
16. Shimada K. Contribution to Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of the Japanese XI. Upon the Vermal Arbor Vitae. Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica. 1956; 28(1-6):207-27.
17. Baran D. Arbor vitae, a guarantee of health. Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici siNaturalisti din Iasi. 1991; 95(3-4):347-9.
18. Offergeld R, Reinecker C, Gumz E, Schrum S, Treiber R, Neth RD, Gohla SH. Mitogenic activity of high molecular polysaccharide fractions isolated from the cuppressaceae Thuja occidentalis L. enhanced cytokine-production by thyapolysaccharide, g-fraction (TPSg). Leukemia. 1992 Jan 1; 6:189S-91S.
19. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 Feb 9;2(1):69-78.
20. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 Feb 9;2(1):69-78.
21. Reitz HD. Immunmodulatorenmit pflanzlichen Wirkstoffen: einewissenschaftliche Studie am Beispiel Esberitox N. Notabenemedici. 1990; 20:362-6.
22. Vorberg G. Bei Erkältungunspezifische Immunabwehrstimulieren. ÄrztlPrax. 1984; 36:97-8.
23. Verma SK, Singh SK, Singh S, Mathur A. Evaluation of immunomodulatory and microbicidal potential of Thuja occidentalis. Environment Conservation Journal. 2010; 11(3):85-8.
24. Zimmer M. Gezieltekonservative Therapie der akuten Sinusitis in der HNO-Praxis. Therapiewoche. 1985;35(36):4024-8.
25. Nahed GA, Balbaa LK. Influence of tyrosine and zinc on growth, flowering and chemical constituents of Salvia farinacea plants.
26. Vanherweghem JL, Tielemans C, Abramowicz D, Depierreux M, Vanhaelen-Fastre R, Vanhaelen M, Dratwa M, Richard C, Vandervelde D, Verbeelen D, Jadoul M. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. The lancet. 1993 Feb 13; 341(8842):387-91.
27. Elsharkawy ER, Aljohar H, Donia AM. Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activity of Thuja orientalis growing in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Br. J. Pharmaceut. Res. 2017 Jan 1; 15:1-9.
28. Hudson J, Kuo M, Vimalanathan S. The antimicrobial properties of cedar leaf (Thuja plicata) oil; a safe and efficient decontamination agent for buildings. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2011 Dec;8(12):4477-87.
29. Tsiri D, Graikou K, Pobłocka-Olech L, Krauze-Baranowska M, Spyropoulos C, Chinou I. Chemosystematic value of the essential oil composition of Thuja species cultivated in Poland—antimicrobial activity. Molecules. 2009 Nov;14(11):4707-15.
30. Guleria S, Kumar A, Tiku AK. Chemical composition and fungitoxic activity of essential oil of Thuja orientalis L. grown in the north-western Himalaya. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2008 Apr 1;63(3-4):211-4.
31. Başer KH, Demirci B, Demirci F, Koçak S, Akıncı Ç, Malyer H, Güleryüz G. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Achillea multifida. Planta medica. 2002 Oct;68(10):941-3.
32. Sivropoulou A, Nikolaou C, Papanikolaou E, Kokkini S, Lanaras T, Arsenakis M. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiviral activities of Salvia fructicosa essential oil. Journal of Agricultural and food Chemistry. 1997 Aug 18;45(8):3197-201.
33. Zhang XW, Choe YH, Park YJ, Kim BS. Effect of Korean arbor vitae (Thuja koraiensis) extract on antimicrobial and antiviral activity. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2014 Mar 15;8(10):274-7.
34. Aljos F. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens.“Flora of China” editorial board (1978). Flora of China. Science. 2005; 7:318.
35. Mu H, Gao Y, Cheng F, Lin L, Wang G, Xia F. Transcriptomic analysis of different tissues in Korean arborvitae. Dendrobiology. 2019;81.
36. Bellili S, Aouadhi C, Dhifi W, Ghazghazi H, Jlassi C, Sadaka C, Beyrouthy ME, Maaroufi A, Cherif A, Mnif W. The influence of organs on biochemical properties of Tunisian Thuja occidentalis essential oils. Symmetry. 2018 Nov;10(11):649.
37. Gohla SH, Zeman RA, Bögel M, Jurkiewicz E, Schrum S, Haubeck HD, Schmitz H, Hunsmann G, Neth RD. Modification of the in vitro replication of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 by TPSg, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis L.(Arborvitae). InModern Trends in Human Leukemia IX 1992 (pp. 140-149). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
38. Asha R, Nisha P, Suneer K, Mythili A, Shafeeq HA, Panneer SK, Manikandan P, Shobana CS. In vitro activity of various potencies of homeopathic drug Thuja against molds involved in mycotic keratitis. Internat. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2014; 6:555-9.
39. Nazir MZ, Chandel S, Sehgal A. In vitro screening of antioxidant potential of Thuja occidentalis. J Chem Pharm Res. 2016; 8:283-6.
40. Stan MS, Voicu SN, Caruntu S, Nica IC, Olah NK, Burtescu R, Balta C, Rosu M, Herman H, Hermenean A, Dinischiotu A. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a Thuja occidentalis mother tincture for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Antioxidants. 2019 Sep;8(9):416.
41. Dubey SK, Batra A. Antioxidant activities of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2009;2(1):73-6.
42. Yogesh K, Ali J. Antioxidant potential of thuja (Thuja occidentalis) cones and peach (Prunus persia) seeds in raw chicken ground meat during refrigerated (4±1 C) storage. Journal of food science and technology. 2014 Aug;51(8):1547-53.
43. Căruntu S, Olah NK, Balta C, ROȘU M, Mlădin B, Hermenean A. Thuja Occidentalis Mother Tincture Alleviate The Cox-2 Expression In Intestinal Mucosa Of The Tnbs-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Model In Mice. Studia Universitatis VasileGoldisSeriaStiinteleVietii (Life Sciences Series). 2020 Jul 1; 30(3).
44. Biswas R, Mandal SK, Dutta S, Bhattacharyya SS, Boujedaini N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Thujone-rich fraction of Thuja occidentalis demonstrates major anti-cancer potentials: evidences from in vitro studies on A375 cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011 Jan 1;2011.
45. Torres A, Vargas Y, Uribe D, Carrasco C, Torres C, Rocha R, Oyarzún C, San Martín R, Quezada C. Pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic properties of the α/β-thujone fraction from Thuja occidentalis on glioblastoma cells. Journal of neuro-oncology. 2016 May;128(1):9-19.
46. Sunila ES, Hamsa TP, Kuttan G. Effect of Thuja occidentalis and its polysaccharide on cell-mediated immune responses and cytokine levels of metastatic tumor-bearing animals. Pharmaceutical biology. 2011 Oct 1;49(10):1065-73.
47. Sunila ES, Kuttan G. A preliminary study on antimetastatic activity of Thuja occidentalis L. in mice model. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 2006 Jan 1; 28(2):269-80.
48. Das S, Rani R. Antioxidant and gastroprotective properties of the fruits of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Asian J. Biochem. Pharm. Res. 2013; 3(3):80-7.
49. Dubey SK, Batra A. Hepatoprotective Activity from Ethanol Fraction of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2008; 1(1):32-5.
50. Dubey SK, Batra A. Anti-diabetic activity of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2008; 1(4):362-5.
51. Dubey SK, Batra A. Role of Phenolics in Anti-Atherosclerotic Property of Thuja occidentalis Linn. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009; 2009(6):12.
52. Sunila ES, Kuttan G. Protective effect of Thuja occidentalis against radiation-induced toxicity in mice. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2005 Dec;4(4):322-8.
53. Aziz A, Khan IA, Ahmed MB, Hussain S. Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Thuja occidentalis Linn. in PGE1 and TAB-Vaccine induced pyrexia models in rabbits.
54. Rakotonirainy MS, Lavédrine B. Screening for antifungal activity of essential oils and related compounds to control the biocontamination in libraries and archives storage areas. International biodeterioration & biodegradation. 2005 Mar 1;55(2):141-7.
55. Pavela R. Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Fitoterapia. 2005 Dec 1;76(7-8):691-6.
56. Selvarani V, James H. The activity of cedar leaf oil vapor against respiratory viruses: Practical applications. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2013 Nov 1;3(11):11.
57. Han X, Parker TL. Arborvitae (Thuja plicata) essential oil significantly inhibited critical inflammation-and tissue remodeling-related proteins and genes in human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie open. 2017 Jun 1; 4:56-60.
58. Lei H, Wang Y, Su C, Liang F, Su W, Hui M, Shaw P, Luo Y. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of Thuja sutchuenensis, a critically endangered species endemic to China. Natural Product Communications. 2010 Oct;5(10):1934578X1000501032.
59. Wang M, Zhao L, Chen K, Shang Y, Wu J, Guo X, Chen Y, Liu H, Tan H, Qiu SX. Antibacterial sesquiterpenes from the stems and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Bioorganic Chemistry. 2020 Mar 1; 96:103645.
60. Tanaka R, Ohtsu H, Iwamoto M, Minami T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Matsunaga S, Yoshitake A. Cancer chemo preventive agents, labdane diterpenoids from the stem bark of Thuja standishii (Gord.) Carr. Cancer letters. 2000 Dec 20;161(2):165-70.
61. Kinouchi Y, Ohtsu H, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R. Potential antitumor-promoting diterpenoids from the stem bark of Picea g lehni. Journal of natural products. 2000 Jun 23; 63(6):817-20.
62. Iwamoto M, Ohtsu H, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R. Anti-tumor promoting diterpenes from the stem bark of Thuja standishii (Cupressaceae). Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2001 Jul 1; 9(7):1911-21.
63. Patel S, Sharma V, S Chauhan N, Thakur M, Dixit VK. Hair growth: focus on herbal therapeutic agent. Current drug discovery technologies. 2015 Mar 1;12(1):21-42.
64. Jasuja ND, Sharma SK, Saxena R, Choudhary J, Sharma R, Joshi SC. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical investigation of Thuja orientalis leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2013 Jul 3; 7(25):1886-93.
65. Witte L, Berlin J, Wray V, Schubert W, Kohl W, Höfle G, Hammer J. Mono-and diterpenes from cell cultures of Thuja occidentalis. Planta medica. 1983 Dec; 49(12):216-21.
66. Berlin J, Witte L, Schubert W, Wray V. Determination and quantification of monoterpenoids secreted into the medium of cell cultures of Thuja occidentalis. Phytochemistry. 1984 May 14;23(6):1277-9.
67. Kawai S, Hasegawa T, Gotoh M, Ohashi H. 4-O-Demethylyatein from the branch wood of Thuja occidentalis. Phytochemistry. 1994 Dec 1;37(6):1699-702.
68. Khubeiz MJ, Mansour G, Zahraa B. Antibacterial and phytochemical investigation of Thuja orientalis (L.) leaves essential oil from Syria. Int. J. Curr. Pharmaceut. Rev. Res. 2016; 7:243-7.
69. Ismail A, Mohsen H, Bassem J, Lamia H. Chemical composition of Thuja orientalis L. essential oils and study of their allelopathic potential on germination and seedling growth of weeds. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 2015 Jan 2;48(1):18-27.
70. Naser B, Bodinet C, Tegtmeier M, Lindequist U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): a review of its pharmaceutical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 Feb 9;2(1):69-78.
71. Silva IS, Nicolau LA, Sousa FB, de Araújo S, Oliveira AP, Araújo TS, Souza LK, Martins CS, Aquino PE, Carvalho LL, Silva RO. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract and polysaccharide fraction of Thuja occidentalis Linn. in mice. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2017 Dec 1; 105:1105-16.
72. Caruntu S, Ciceu A, Olah NK, Don I, Hermenean A, Cotoraci C. Thuja occidentalis L.(Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Molecules. 2020 Jan; 25(22):5416.
73. Tegtmeier M, Harnischfeger G. Die Abhängigkeit des Thujonge haltesvom Extraktionsver fahrenbei Zubereintungenaus Thujaeherba. Pharmazie. 1994; 49(1):56-8.
74. Aziz A, AHMAD KI, Hussain M, Raza MA. Pharmacological Evaluation of Sedative activity of methanolic extract of Thuja occidentalis in mice.
75. Bodinet C, Freudenstein J. Effects of an orally applied aqueous-ethanolic extract of a mixture of Thujae occidentalis herba, Baptisiaetinctoriae radix, Echinaceae purpureae radix and Echina ceaepallidae radix on antibody response against sheep red blood cells in mice. Planta medica. 1999 Dec; 65(08):695-9.
76. Gohlash, zemanra, gartner s, popovic m, jurkiewicz e, haubeckhd, schrum s, gallorc, nethrd, hunsmann g. Inhibition of the replication of hiv-1 by tpsg, a polysaccharide-fraction isolated from the cupressaceae thuja-occidentalis l. Inaids research and human retroviruses 1990 jan 1 (vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131-131). 2 madison avenue, larchmont, ny 10538: maryannliebertinc publ.
Published
2022-04-17
How to Cite
Bharti, K., Sharma, M., Vyas, G. K., & Sharma, D. S. (2022). A Review on Phytochemical Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Thuja Occidentalis. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 10(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v10i2.1105
Issue
Section
Review Articles
AUTHORS WHO PUBLISH WITH THIS JOURNAL AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.